Blacktop Driveway Sealing

"Years ago, I fell under the spell of what many blacktop sealer manufacturers said about the necessity of sealing blacktop driveways. Much of what they said made some sense, but there was always a nagging thought or two in my head that conflicted with what I was being told."

Seal Blacktop Driveway Checklist

Never seal a new blacktop driveway
Blacktop roads are never sealed
Use the cheapest sealer made if you seal annually
Blacktop will last for decades if installed right
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DEAR TIM: Can you settle a friendly argument? My wife insists that our blacktop driveway gets sealed.

She listens to a local weekend home improvement radio show and tends to think everything the show host says is true. The show host tells callers about how important it is to seal blacktop, but one of his long-time sponsors is a blacktop sealer manufacturer.

The cynic inside me says he says he does this because he’s getting money from the sponsor. What’s your stance on blacktop sealers and what would you do if you had a blacktop driveway? Stuart T., Hamilton, OH

DEAR STUART: I can speak to all your points. For twelve years, I used to do a two-hour call-in home improvement show on a few commercial radio stations. When I negotiated my contract, I reserved the right to edit the wording of commercials I was asked to read.

It didn’t take long for the advertising salespeople to grow frustrated with me because I’d routinely change the wording in the commercial copy.

I did so because the salespeople made unsubstantiated claims about both products and services. Soon they stopped selling ads for my show. My integrity was all I had and I refused to say things that weren’t true.

Are Blacktop Sealers Necessary?

Blacktop sealers may not be necessary if you look around at all the blacktop you see.

Years ago, I fell under the spell of what many blacktop sealer manufacturers said about the necessity of sealing blacktop driveways. Much of what they said made some sense, but there was always a nagging thought or two in my head that conflicted with what I was being told.

Why Aren't Blacktop Roads Sealed?

First and foremost I thought long and hard about blacktop roads in my city. They were never sealed.

The asphalt cement used at the plant that makes blacktop for the city roadways was undoubtedly the same used to make residential driveways. Asphalt cement is the binder, or glue, that holds together the sand and stones that make up a blacktop drive, road or parking lot.

This blacktop driveway is twenty years old and has never been sealed. It’s in very good condition. Photo credit: Tim Carter

Some cities and towns apply an asphalt rejuvenator that claims to extend the life of the asphalt. I'm not so sure these products really help significantly extend the life of the pavement based on years of looking at blacktop and asphalt that's not sealed.

The roads in my city got the same rainfall, the same snow and ice, and the same harsh ultraviolet (UV) light as my neighbors’ blacktop driveways. It was not uncommon for secondary side streets in my neighborhood to go twenty, or more, years before being repaved. That’s a very important fact you shouldn’t ignore.

What Is Blacktop?

Blacktop is a flexible pavement made from a combination of small stones or rock, sand and liquid asphalt cement. It pays to look at an asphalt surface that's not been sealed to see all three of these components.

I then started to look very closely at the average blacktop road and driveway. When you study them, you quickly realize that well over ninety percent of the surface is not asphalt.

What you see are small stones and sand. The asphalt cement just shows up as a thin line in between the stones and sand. Remember, sand is just very small pieces of stone. The stones and sand in blacktop are immune to UV damage from the sun.

Does Sunlight Hurt Asphalt?

Sunlight does hurt asphalt. A certain percentage of ultraviolet light from the sun contains active photons.

I did research about asphalt for my Roofing Ripoff book. It turns out that the sun’s UV rays blast apart asphalt molecules making it more susceptible to oxidizing. When asphalt molecules oxidize and cross-link with one another, it becomes more brittle.

As asphalt becomes more brittle, it loses its ability to hold onto things such as the sand and stones in asphalt roads and driveways. Keep in mind that this oxidation only happens at the very top of the asphalt that’s exposed to the sunlight and it can take years and years for larger stones to become dislodged.

What About Your Blacktop Drive, Tim?

My current home has a blacktop driveway. I live in New Hampshire where winters are brutal with abundant snow, ice, and harsh conditions.

My driveway is twenty years old, it’s never been sealed and a vast portion of the driveway is in excellent condition. The only bad portions are where the gravel base was not installed correctly and there are a few small areas that are beginning to deteriorate.

Can Sealing a Drive Create Problems?

Yes, sealing a driveway can cause secondary problems. The drive may look good for a short time, but now you've created a periodic maintenance situation.

If you decide to seal a blacktop driveway you open up a Pandora’s box of problems in my opinion. The sealer is made up almost exclusively of asphalt. The UV rays will attack this thin coating and it will begin to harden and fail. If you don’t take off your shoes when you come into your home, you’ll track the asphalt indoors discoloring vinyl flooring and carpets.

Once the sealer starts to wear off, your driveway starts to look bad. Your neighbors may think less of you because of the appearance of the driveway. You’re forced into an endless cycle of sealing your driveway, even though the driveway itself is in excellent condition.

Do Sealers Fill Blacktop Cracks?

Yes, a sealer will fill tiny cracks in blacktop.

The sealer manufacturers talk about the ability of the sealers to fill small cracks so water doesn’t infiltrate and cause greater damage.

My driveway has only a few cracks after twenty years because the gravel base under the blacktop was put in correctly. I’ve filled the cracks that have appeared using a strong epoxy that comes in a caulk tube. I press small stones and broadcast clean sand into the fresh epoxy so the crack matches the texture and color of my existing blacktop.

Why is New Blacktop Black?

When a blacktop driveway is new, it’s black as a moonless night because the asphalt cement has coated all of the sand and stones in the mix.

Over time, this very thin coating wears off and you start to see the color of the stones and sand. Don’t discount this distinctive look.

So long as the asphalt cement used at the blacktop plant was high quality, your driveway will not fall apart in a few years without sealer. If it does start to crack and crumble, it’s not a lack of sealer, it’s an indication the gravel base was not installed correctly.

Related Column: Asphalt Driveway Sealers

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